Category: Regulation

Displaying inappropriate ads in a children’s game is a bad idea (but it’ll happen anyway)

Earlier this month, the UK’s Advertising Standards Authority issued a ruling against Mobjizz Limited, owner of Ewank.com (an adult services provider) for displaying adult ads in Talking Tom (owned by Outfit7), the popular mobile app that is particularly popular with young children as a kind of game.)  The adult ads apparently involved three nearly naked women.  The complaint was made by the parent of a five year old who saw the ad while playing the app.

Essentially, Mobjizz and Outfit7 said the same thing: they had strict rules in place against this kind of thing but had no idea how this had happened anyway.  Both seemed to suggest that a rogue affiliate (whom they could not identify) may have been involved in serving the ad in breach of their rules.

The ASA, unsurprisingly, upheld the complaint against Mobjizz.  In its usual polite way, the ASA expressed thanks to all parties for cooperating but said that this ad should not be shown in the future, nor generally should Mobjizz show adult ads to children in the future.  As is usual in these kinds of cases in the UK, it seems that the matter will not be pursued further and neither Mobjizz nor Outfit7 will face any penalties or further legal action.

Comment: this is about the third or fourth time that I have come across adult or otherwise inappropriate mobile or online ads being displayed to inappropriate persons, ESPECIALLY violent or adult ads being shown to children.  In each case, the defence by the advertiser, the ad network and the app/game/service is usually that they have rules in place and don’t know how those rules were breached.  In each case, my strong suspicion is that those rules are simply not followed by or enforced against the affiliates or other links in the chain between the advertiser and the actual consumer.  Clearly this is very concerning from both a legal and a consumer standpoint: it simply shouldn’t happen.  However, in the absence of concerted industry self-regulation (of which there is no current prospect) or serious legal claims with substantial enforcement to back them up, I’m afraid I can’t see much of an end in sight.  The best we can hope for is that the apps/games/online services will take more care in picking their advertiser partners in order to avoid this kind of public naming and shaming in the future.

Moral of the story: if you enable ads on your mobile or online app/game/service, pick your advertising partner carefully!  The wrong ad can cause you significant reputational harm and could (but probably won’t) lead to legal action.

Australia, Steam and consumer legal rights in video games

If you decide you don’t want your purchased Steam, Xbox Live or Apple iOS game anymore, or if it doesn’t work as promised or at all, what rights do you have legally?

I get such questions a LOT.  While there is a body of law about this area of consumer protection, sadly there is little in the way of actual, specific legal decisions applying those laws to this situation to to which I can point. So I read with interest some recent news out of Australia on the consumer protection front: the Australian Competition and Consumer Authority is to investigate Steam, the world’s largest digital distribution platform for games, over concerns that it does not comply with Australian consumer protection law, particularly relating to refunds and returns.

Continue reading Australia, Steam and consumer legal rights in video games

What happens legally when a retailer sends you a console bundle instead of a game?

Here’s something interesting that happened recently: customers of online retailer Zavvi ordered a new game called Tearaway but the retailer mistakenly shipped out to them the game AND a (much more valuable) PlayStation Vita handheld console (see here).  They realised their mistake and have since apparently threatened legal action against customers refusing to return the goods.

So here’s a classic legal question for you: when you give someone something different to what either of you were expecting, what happens?  Who’s in the right? Continue reading What happens legally when a retailer sends you a console bundle instead of a game?

An international legal guide to games development and distribution

Last year I gave a lecture at the Gamer Tech Law conference in Seattle with the rather ambitious title of “Going Global: legal and business issues for international games development and distribution”.  As you can imagine, that’s a lot to cover – even in a lecture directed at other lawyers.  Anyway, below is the lecture I delivered, in which I talked the audience through international angles on: contracts, IP, distribution structures, consumer protection, advertising, age ratings and privacy.  Enjoy! Continue reading An international legal guide to games development and distribution

How long until free to play and in-app purchases are regulated?

This is going to be a relatively short post, because two other writers have already a lot of my work for me.

Step 1: read Rob Fahey’s editorial on Gamesindustry.biz: “How to control free-to-play spending?”

Step 2: read this Wall Street Journal feature: “Mom, please feed my apps!”

Step 3: let’s have a quick chat… Continue reading How long until free to play and in-app purchases are regulated?

Some thoughts about gacha

There’s been a lot of talk about something called ‘gacha’ or ‘complete gacha’ this month, after the Japanese government announced that they intended to regulate it – which directly affected the share price of Japanese social/mobile gaming giants like GREE and DeNA.  So, what is it and why did the Japanese government decide to regulate it? Continue reading Some thoughts about gacha

Gamer/Law’s ten 2012 predictions

You’ve guessed it: I thought I’d jump into the it’s-a-new-year-let’s-make-some-predictions business for 2012.  And, like all forward-looking predictions, I’ve mixed a few safe bets with some slightly more “punchy” predictions (which FYI is lawyer-speak for taking a massive bet on something!)  Here goes, in no particular order:
Continue reading Gamer/Law’s ten 2012 predictions

Advertising Standards Authority to take control of in-game advertising

The Advertising Standards Authority is set to assume oversight over UK in-game advertising under new rules introduced this week. This has the potential to change fundamentally the (previously unregulated) UK in-games advertising landscape in the future. Read on for more.. 
How is advertising regulated in the the UK and what is the ASA?
The UK advertising industry is self-regulating: it has set up a body  called the Committee on Advertising Practice, which is responsible for setting up Codes of Advertising Practice (or ‘CAP Codes’) which advertisers must comply with.  As a result, by and large the government doesn’t step in to regulate advertising for them.
The Advertising Standards Authority (or ASA) is another body set up by the advertising industry and is charged with implementing and overseeing the industry CAP Codes (i.e. the Committee sets the UK advertising regulation and the ASA enforces it). In the ASA’s own words, “Advertising plays an essential role in today’s world. It informs, entertains and promotes healthy competition. Our aim at the ASA is to ensure that consumers do not just enjoy the ads they see, but they can trust them too…As a result of our work – and the UK industry’s commitment to advertising responsibly – the vast majority of ads that we see are legal, decent, honest and truthful.”
The key power of the ASA is that consumers can complain to it over adverts and, in appropriate cases, the ASA will then carry out an investigation into the advert. If the advertiser is found to have breached the CAP Codes (e.g. if the the advert was seriously misleading or offensive to children), the ASA essentially has two weapons: (i) bad publicity (aka ‘name and shame’); and (ii) refer the matter to a government enforcement body such as the OFT or Ofcom (which can take legal action against the advertiser).  So, for example, last month the ASA gave BT a public spanking over its recent broadband ad campaign.  Or anyone remember the Atheist Bus Campaign?
It’s worth remember that the ASA is not a government body and cannot impose fines or take legal action itself against advertisers. Still, advertisers ignore the ASA’s decisions at their peril, since the reputational and commercial damage arising from an adverse ASA decision can be substantial.


UPDATE: I’ve just seen New Media Age report that “Non-compliance with CAP Code could prove devastating for brands” – so there you go!
What has all that got to do with games?
Historically, ASA oversight of advertising has been confined to ‘traditional’ advertising media such as TV or billboard advertising. As a result, its main contact with the games industry has been through its regulation of TV adverts for games, about which complaints are made from time to time. For example, in mid August 2010 the ASA ruled on a Square-Enix advert regarding the PS3 version of Final Fantasy XIII (the complaint being that “a viewer objected that the ad was misleading because the game footage in the ad was from the PS3 version of the game, which was of better quality to that of the XBOX 360“.

The ASA has not touched historically is in-game advertising, whether that be adverts on an in-game billboard or more sophisticated advergames and so forth (more on that below). Similarly, the ASA has not historically touched much online or social media advertising. In both cases, legally this is because the CAP Codes which the ASA enforces did not expressly state that it should govern those forms of media. But, just as importantly, I suspect that the ASA may not have had the appetite to move into these areas (until now anyway).
All change: in-game advertising to come under ASA oversight 
All that is now going to change. A new version of the CAP Code came into force on 1 September 2010 which makes it clear that the CAP Code now applies to (among other things)
“…advertisements in non-broadcast electronic media, including but not limited to: online advertisements in paid-for space (including banner or pop-up advertisements and online video advertisements); paid-for search listings; preferential listings on price comparison sites; viral advertisements (see III l); in-game advertisements; commercial classified advertisements; advergames that feature in display advertisements; advertisements transmitted by Bluetooth; advertisements distributed through web widgets and online sales promotions and prize promotions…”
Now, the $64 million question is this: what does this actually mean for the games industry? Answer: we don’t know…yet. No guidance has been published on how to apply the CAP Code to games.  But clearly games companies and advertisers need to know how in-game adverts are now to be regulated.  
On that front, there are a number of issues which the ASA will need to clarify:
  • What exactly does the ASA mean by it regulating “in-game advertisements” and “advergames that feature in display advertisements”? Is there to be a distinction between them and product placement
  • How will the ASA determine when in-game adverts come under its oversight? Presumably there has to be a UK element, but what does that mean? Do the advertiser, complainant consumer and the advert itself all have to be in the UK?
  • Who comes under ASA oversight – the host games company, the advertiser or both?
  • How will the views of the games industry be represented in in-game advertising matters?
  • How will the provisions of the CAP Code be applied to in-game advertising, which in its nature can be much more creative than traditional broadcast advertising? The CAP Code itself is drafted in easy to understand language, but the language and the practical implementation are two different things.
For me the most interesting question is the last one. When you look at a TV ad or hear a radio ad, it’s usually quite clear that this is an advert presented to you in an essentially passive form. But games are of course much more interactive and dynamic, which offers far more possibilities for creative advertising. Here’s some examples off the top of my head:
  • In-game billboard ads (e.g. on a console sports game)
  • In-game ‘items’, e.g. a Ford car displayed in Second Life or a Coca-Cola drink advertised or even given away in a social game
  • In-game avatars walking around shouting advertisements
  • Advergames, which are free to play but intended really as a channel for advertising communications
  • Viral advertising in which players are encouraged themselves to advertise products in-game (probably in return for in-game rewards)
  • In-game events/sequences/dialogue which may not have been intended to act as advertising but which nonetheless could be regarded as advertising.
The challenge for the ASA is going to be understanding first how these different forms of in-game advertising work and secondly how to regulate them appropriately.  I suspect that some of these will prove to be extremingly difficult problems to solve.
Practical points for advertisers
As you can see, it’s clear that the ASA is now interested in in-game advertising, but it’s not clear exactly what they are going to do about it – though that will no doubt change given time. In the meantime, here’s some practical suggestions to bear in mind:
  1. Even though it is not clear how in-game advertising is going to be regulated, if you do any in-game advertising business in the UK, you still need to ensure you are as compliant with the CAP Codes and other legislation as possible. The potential reputational and commercial risk may be too big to do otherwise.
  2. So, what to do? First, read the CAP Code carefully and consider whether your current advertising policies meet its requirements. The CAP Code has particular requirements regarding a whole range of matters, including misleading advertising, children and consumers among others.  You need to make sure you fulfil those requirements.
  3. Don’t think that you can do one thing with your tv games adverts and your in-game ads.  It is going to become increasingly difficult to run ads which might be ‘creative’ with the facts in the future, across the board.
  4. Don’t assume that because you are based outside the UK you will not be caught by ASA oversight.  It is at least arguable that any in-game advert which displays in the UK is caught, even if the advertiser is outside the UK.
  5. Remember that compliance with the CAP Codes does not relieve you of your other legal obligations, e.g. not to mislead consumers, to comply with consumer protection laws and with games age rating regimes and so forth. In other words, you need to make sure all the rest of your legal compliance is in shape too, not just advertising compliance.
  6. CAP Services run regular updates with useful additional information – subscribe to them here: http://bcap.org.uk/CAPServices.aspx.
  7. (Yes, it’s time to sell our wares) If you have any questions regarding any of the above stuff, come and talk with friendly lawyers 🙂 The chances are that you won’t know you have a problem with your advertising until a complaint is made, so best you are prepared now as you can be.
One final point – the ASA has also announced that it is planning a further round of amendments to the CAP Code which will bring more online ads under its oversight.  So, any way you look at it, if you are involved in games or online advertising, you need to know about this stuff and fast…
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South Korea to impose MMO curfew

The South Korean government intends to impose a form of curfew over MMO games in an effort to combat perceived growing MMO addiction, reports MCV.
Reportedly, the government plans to implement this curfew by blocking or incrementally slowing down the internet connections of those who spend prolonged periods playing popular MMO titles such as Maple Story, Dungeon & Fighter and Dragon Nest.
I don’t pretend to be an expert on Far Eastern MMOs or games ‘addiction’ (if that’s the right word to use), but there does seem to be a trend in that part of the world towards government imposing restrictions on the playing of online games – for example, recently Vietnamese authorities have proposed restrictions on online games as well. 

As for the actual means being proposed, this sounds similar to the ‘graduated response’ system proposed in the EU (and now enacted in the Digital Economy Act in the UK), albeit focused on combating online games addiction rather than copyright infringement.  Will we see gamers in South Korea and elsewhere voicing the same kind of opposition to these methods as gamers in Europe have? 

[Image credit: govdocs.evergreen.edu]

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